Design of an Optimal Convolutional Neural Network Architecture for MRI Brain Tumor Classification by Exploiting Particle Swarm Optimization

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Abstract
The classification of brain tumors using MRI scans is critical for accurate diagnosis and effective treatment planning, though it poses significant challenges due to the complex and varied characteristics of tumors, including irregular shapes, diverse sizes, and subtle textural differences. Traditional convolutional neural network (CNN) models, whether handcrafted or pretrained, frequently fall short in capturing these intricate details comprehensively. To address this complexity, an automated approach employing Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) has been applied to create a CNN architecture specifically adapted for MRI-based brain tumor classification. PSO systematically searches for an optimal configuration of architectural parameters—such as the types and numbers of layers, filter quantities and sizes, and neuron numbers in fully connected layers—with the objective of enhancing classification accuracy. This performance-driven method avoids the inefficiencies of manual design and iterative trial and error. Experimental results indicate that the PSO-optimized CNN achieves a classification accuracy of 99.19%, demonstrating significant potential for improving diagnostic precision in complex medical imaging applications and underscoring the value of automated architecture search in advancing critical healthcare technology.

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