The “ARTS” of Cell Death in Service of Life: How Do We Force Cancer Cells to Commit Suicide?

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Abstract
Every cell in our body contains a “self-destruction” program. This cell death is a critical process allowing replacement of damaged cells with healthy ones to prevent wide range of diseases. When the cell’s death mechanism gets “stuck” and is not activated, cancer can result. In healthy cells there is a balanced system of proteins, some of which activate the normal death mechanism, and some of which inhibit this process. This is like the system of gas and brakes in a car. Researchers have found that cancer cells lack a protein, called ARTS, which is crucial for activating the cells’ death mechanism. The lack of ARTS causes cancer cells to escape death and become “immortal.” Small ARTS-like molecules have been discovered that can penetrate cancerous cells and reactivate the cell death program, effectively making the cancer cells “commit suicide.” We envision that these ARTS-like molecules will provide novel therapy for cancer.