Rare low-grade pediatric-type astrocytoma with MYB/MYBL1 alteration. A case report and literature review

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Abstract
Diffuse astrocytoma with MYB or MYBL1 alteration is a newly defined molecular subtype of pediatric-type low-grade diffuse gliomas. This tumor type was first included in the 2021 World Health Organization classification of tumors of the central nervous system. To date, only a limited number of cases with a similar histo-molecular profile have been reported in the literature. The tumor is characterized by a favorable clinical course and prognosis. This report presents a clinical case of a brain astrocytoma with MYB/MYBL1 alteration in a 2-year-old girl. A distinctive feature of this case is the absence of any specific antitumor treatment – the patient did not undergo chemotherapy or radiotherapy. Only stereotactic biopsy was performed, followed by histological and molecular verification of the diagnosis. Eight years after the initial diagnosis, the disease remains stable, with some reduction in tumor size observed over time. According to our data, the presented case of MYB/MYBL1-altered astrocytoma is unique within the Russian medical literature.

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