From Chaos to Opportunity: Decoding Cancer Heterogeneity for Enhanced Treatment Strategies
Authors:
- Alessandro OttaianoAOAlessandro Ottaiano
- Monica IannielloMIMonica Ianniello
- Mariachiara SantorsolaMSMariachiara Santorsola
- Raffaella RuggieroRRRaffaella Ruggiero
- Roberto SiricaRSRoberto Sirica
- Francesco SabbatinoFrancesco Sabbatino
- Francesco PerriFrancesco Perri
- Marco CascellaMCMarco Cascella
- Massimiliano Di MarzoMMMassimiliano Di Marzo
- Massimiliano BerrettaMassimiliano Berretta
- Michele CaragliaMichele Caraglia
- Guglielmo NastiGNGuglielmo Nasti
Open Access
Abstract
Cancer manifests as a multifaceted disease, characterized by aberrant cellular proliferation, survival, migration, and invasion. Tumors exhibit variances across diverse dimensions, encompassing genetic, epigenetic, and transcriptional realms. This heterogeneity poses significant challenges in prognosis and treatment, affording tumors advantages through an increased propensity to accumulate mutations linked to immune system evasion and drug resistance. In this review, we offer insights into tumor heterogeneity as a crucial characteristic of cancer, exploring the difficulties associated with measuring and quantifying such heterogeneity from clinical and biological perspectives. By emphasizing the critical nature of understanding tumor heterogeneity, this work contributes to raising awareness about the importance of developing effective cancer therapies that target this distinct and elusive trait of cancer.Keywords
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