Generation of Solar-like Differential Rotation

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Abstract
We analyze the simulation result shown in Hotta & Kusano (2021) in which the solar-like differential rotation is reproduced. The Sun is rotating differentially with the fast equator and the slow pole. It is widely thought that the thermal convection maintains the differential rotation, but recent high-resolution simulations tend to fail to reproduce the fast equator. This fact is an aspect of one of the biggest problems in solar physics called the convective conundrum. Hotta & Kusano succeed in reproducing the solar-like differential rotation without using any manipulation with an unprecedentedly high-resolution simulation. In this study, we analyze the simulation data to understand the maintenance mechanism of the fast equator. Our analyses lead to conclusions that are summarized as follows. (1) The superequipatition magnetic field is generated by the compression, which can indirectly convert the massive internal energy to magnetic energy. (2) The efficient small-scale energy transport suppresses large-scale convection energy. (3) Non-Taylor–Proudman differential rotation is maintained by the entropy gradient caused by the anisotropic latitudinal energy transport enhanced by the magnetic field. (4) The fast equator is maintained by the meridional flow mainly caused by the Maxwell stress. The Maxwell stress itself also has a role in the angular momentum transport for the fast near-surface equator (we call it the P unching ball effect). The fast equator in the simulation is reproduced not due to the low Rossby number regime but due to the strong magnetic field. This study newly finds the role of the magnetic field in the maintenance of differential rotation.
Funding Information
  • MEXT ∣ Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JP20K14510)
  • MEXT ∣ Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JP21H04492)
  • MEXT ∣ Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JP21H01124)
  • MEXT ∣ Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JP21H04497)
  • Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (20351188)

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