Oral and Oropharyngeal Microbiome – Characteristics, Significance, and Potential Therapeutic Interventions

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Abstract
The proper functioning of the human body largely depends on the microorganisms it hosts. The ecosystem formed by these microorganisms, along with their genome, the metabolites they produce, and the conditions in their environment, constitutes the microbiome. The microbiome plays a crucial role in regulating the host’s physiological, immunological, and metabolic functions. Changes in the composition of the microbiome can affect the occurrence and progression of both local conditions in the oral cavity and oropharynx, as well as systemic diseases. Therefore, it is essential to explore methods for modifying the microbiome’s composition and preventing the negative consequences of dysbiosis. Current research focuses on probiotics, prebiotics, dietary supplements, antibiotics, and chemotherapeutics. This review aims to summarize the knowledge regarding the oral and oropharyngeal microbiome, its significance for human health, and potential therapeutic approaches to influence this complex ecosystem.

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