Investigation of flow-directed vortex on penetration characteristics of transverse injection of multiphase fuel

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Abstract
This study investigates the regulatory mechanism of vortex generators (VGs) concerning the penetration and mixing characteristics of sub/supercritical kerosene transverse jets within a dual-variable combustor. Combining shadowgraph imaging experiments and numerical simulations under inflow conditions simulating combustor entry (Ta = 500 K, pa = 0.3 MPa, Va = 50 m/s), the effects of VG height (Hv = 5–10 mm) and expansion angle (β = 30°–60°) on the evolution of multiphase jet behavior (constant fuel flow rate ṁf = 1.6 g/s) were systematically studied. Experimental results demonstrate that the introduction of VGs universally enhances jet penetration depth. Supercritical jets (Tinj = 670 K) demonstrate enhanced mixing efficiency in comparison to liquid jets (Tinj = 425 K), necessitating approximately 70% less axial distance to attain equivalent mixing levels. Numerical simulation analysis reveals that the principal flow mechanisms for improving penetration involve the induction of streamwise vortices and the creation of low-speed wake regions by VGs. These phenomena modify the local momentum ratio and augment the transport of normal momentum. Furthermore, an optimal range exists for VG geometric parameters (Hv = 7.5 mm, β = 36°–45°), achieving a balance between flow control benefits and turbulent losses. This research provides a substantial theoretical basis and evidence-based optimal design guidelines for the development of high-efficiency fuel injection systems in dual-variable combustors.
Funding Information
  • Aero-Engines and Gas Turbines Basic Science Center Project (P2022-B-II-014-001)
  • Aero-Engines and Gas Turbines Basic Science CenterProject (P2022-A-II-005-001)

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