Ex vivo study of the adhesion of an epoxy‐based sealer to human dentine submitted to irradiation with Er : YAG and Nd : YAG lasers

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Abstract
Aim  To evaluate the adhesion of an epoxy‐based sealer to human dentine submitted to irradiation with Er : YAG or Nd : YAG laser at various parameters.Methodology  Ninety maxillary canine teeth were sectioned transversely at the cemento‐enamel junction and at the root tip to leave an 8‐mm‐long cylinder. The tooth specimen was centred in a metallic ring (16 mm diameter and 8 mm height) and embedded in acrylic resin. The root canals were prepared using a low‐speed handpiece and a conical diamond bur, which was attached to a paralleling device. This bur was lowered to a depth previously determined by a silicone stop. Specimens were divided into nine groups: group I, dentine was treated with 2 mL of 17% EDTAC for 5 min. Groups II–V were irradiated with Er : YAG laser at the following parameters: group II – 8 Hz and 200 mJ input (120 mJ output); group III – 8 Hz and 400 mJ input (240 mJ output); group IV – 16 Hz and 200 mJ input (120 mJ output); group V – 16 Hz and 400 mJ input (240 mJ output). Groups VI–IX were irradiated with Nd : YAG laser at the following parameters: group VI – 10 Hz and 1 W input (0.4 W output); group VII – 10 Hz and 2 W input (0.8 W output); group VIII – 15 Hz and 1 W input (0.4 W output); group IX – 15 Hz and 2 W input (0.8 W output). The root canals were filled with an epoxy‐based root canal sealer and submitted to a push‐out test.Results  Statistical analysis showed significant differences (P < 0.01) between Er : YAG and Nd : YAG laser treatments at the higher frequencies compared with 17% EDTAC. Greater adhesion values were obtained for groups IV and V (Er : YAG laser) and groups VIII and IX (Nd : YAG laser), which were statistically different from groups II and III (Er : YAG laser) and groups VI and VII (Nd : YAG laser). Treatment with only 17% EDTAC had the lowest adhesion values.Conclusions  An increase in frequency, independent of power settings, of the lasers used in this study increased adhesion of an epoxy‐based root canal sealer.

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