Comparison of Radiation Exposure Among Interventional Echocardiographers, Interventional Cardiologists, and Sonographers During Percutaneous Structural Heart Interventions

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Abstract
During the past decade, percutaneous procedures to treat structural heart disease have rapidly expanded. Among structural heart interventions, left atrial appendage occlusion (LAAO) and transcatheter edge-to-edge mitral valve repair (TEER) are now performed routinely at many centers and are increasing rapidly.1,2 Both LAAO and TEER are typically performed under the guidance of fluoroscopy and transesophageal echocardiography (TEE), which has resulted in the addition of an interventional echocardiographer as an integral member of the structural heart team.

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