Pyridyl Radical-Induced Catalytic Reconstruction of Cyclic Sulfides

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Abstract
Ring-expansion editing offers a transformative strategy that could reshape the landscape of ring scaffold construction in synthetic chemistry. The introduction of three-dimensionality ring into flat aromatic systems could afford important semisaturated fused heterocycles, yet efficient method to access sulfur-containing semisaturated fused pyridines (SSFPs) remains scarce. Herein, we report a pyridyl radical-driven catalytic strategy for the direct two-carbon ring expansion of readily available cyclic thioethers, providing efficient access to synthetically challenging SSFPs. This transformation is enabled by synergistic dual photoredox cycles that orchestrate a cascade of radical cross-coupling, C(sp3)-S bond cleavage, and intramolecular cyclization between commercial bromopyridines and cyclic sulfides. The protocol demonstrates broad functional-group tolerance and substrate generality. Gram-scale synthesis and extensive downstream derivatizations, including late-stage semisaturation of pharmaceutical cores, highlight its synthetic utility. Mechanistic studies support a stepwise radical process involving discrete pyridyl and carbon-centered radical intermediates. This method offers a step-economical and modular alternative to conventional de novo synthesis for the rapid construction of complex, drug-like heterocyclic architectures.
Funding Information
  • Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (DICP I202423)
  • National Natural Science Foundation of China (22301299)

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