Natural Human Antibodies to Gram-Negative Bacteria: Immunoglobulins G, A, and M

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Abstract
Significant amounts of immunoglobulins G and M, and a small amount of natural antibodies reactive with Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Escherichia coli , have been detected in human adult serums by immunofluorescent techniques. Umbilical cord serums also contained substantial immunoglobulin-G antibody but little or no M or A. These findings challenge the concept that natural antibodies reactive with Gram-negative bacteria are primarily of the immunoglobulin-M class.

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