Expression of Phosphorylated Heat Shock Protein 27 During Corneal Epithelial Wound Healing

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Abstract
Purpose: The 27-kDa heat shock protein (HSP27) has been implicated in wound healing in multiple tissues. We investigated the expression and localization of phosphorylated HSP27 during epithelial wound healing in the murine cornea. Methods: Corneas of 8- to 10-week-old C57BL6 mice were wounded by epithelial debridement (n = 40). Unwounded corneas served as controls (n = 3). After 3, 7, and 14 days, phosphorylated HSP27 localization in wounded corneas was observed by confocal immunohistochemistry and double immunogold labeling transmission immunoelectron microscopy. Western blot analysis was performed to determine expression levels of phosphorylated HSP27 in scraped epithelia. Phosphorylated HSP27 localization was also separately performed with confocal immunohistochemistry 8 hours after epithelial debridement to investigate the early epithelial wound-healing process. Results: In unwounded corneas, phosphorylated HSP27 was localized only to the superficial epithelium. In contrast, phosphorylated HSP27 was localized in the basal and superficial epithelia 3 days after corneal epithelial wounding. After 7 and 14 days, HSP27 localization was similar to that in unwounded controls. Expression levels of phosphorylated HSP27 were greater in wounded corneal epithelia on day 3 than in unwounded controls and on day 14. After 8 hours, phosphorylated HSP27 expression was prominent in the leading edge of migrating corneal epithelium. Conclusions: Constitutive expression of phosphorylated HSP27 is limited to the superficial corneal epithelium in unwounded murine corneas. Changes in HSP27 epithelial distribution and expression levels after corneal epithelial wounding suggest that phosphorylated HSP27 plays a role in early phase of corneal epithelial wound healing.

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