Legal vulnerability of orthodontists in professional practice: a cross-sectional study

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Abstract
Introduction: In Brazil, the population’s easy access to the judicial system exposes healthcare professionals, including orthodontists, to the risk of becoming involved in legal disputes for which they are often inadequately prepared. Objective: In this context, the aim of this study was to assess the legal vulnerability of professionals involved in orthodontic practice and to identify factors associated with professional practice. Material and Methods: This cross-sectional observational study was conducted using a previously validated questionnaire administered to 247 professionals engaged in orthodontic practice. Participants were classified into low, moderate, and high levels of legal vulnerability. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics, including Pearson’s chi-square and Fisher’s exact tests. Results: The results indicated greater vulnerability among non-specialists, professionals with fewer years since graduation and shorter clinical experience, as well as among those who graduated from private institutions (p < 0.001). In addition, 72.8% of participants believed that patients’ economic status may influence the occurrence of legal claims, and 53.5% reported lacking legal guidance for drafting contracts in their professional practice. Conclusion: The findings suggest the presence of vulnerabilities related to legal knowledge and professional practices, particularly among less experienced professionals and non-specialists in Orthodontics.

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