This chapter presents four case scenarios that are encountered every day at the bedside and are related to cardiovascular and pulmonary rehabilitation. Each case is provided with a list of clinical questions followed by their answers. The first case presents a 55 year-old man cardiac rehabilitation inpatient, who is now 5 days post-operative for a coronary bypass graft surgery and had severe triple vessel disease and myocardial infarction followed by an attempted angioplasty. The second case presents a 60-year-old woman cardiac rehabilitation outpatient, who had no heart attack, but just treated with an angioplasty for single vessel coronary disease and referred for outpatient cardiac rehabilitation, for illustration. The third and the fourth cases are about vascular rehabilitation and pulmonary rehabilitation, respectively. The fourth case presents a 68-year-old man, who had a 40 pack year history of smoking with severe respiratory failure.