Risk Factors of Anisakidosis at the Global Level: A Review

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Abstract
Purpose of Review: This review builds upon previous global assessments of anisakidosis by focusing specifically on the diagnostic approaches and treatment strategies reported in clinical cases. Anisakidosis is caused by the ingestion of raw or undercooked seafood contaminated with larvae of parasitic nematodes. While risk factors have been explored earlier, this paper aims to synthesise what is known about the presentation, investigation, and clinical management of anisakidosis to support more accurate and timely diagnoses. Recent Findings: Analysis of 1867 reported cases revealed a wide range of symptoms, most frequently abdominal pain and nausea, often emerging within 24 h of consuming raw seafood. The most commonly used diagnostic tools were endoscopy, serological tests, and CT imaging. Endoscopy was also the primary method for both diagnosis and treatment, while surgical intervention was reserved for severe cases. Variation in clinical pathways was noted across regions and case types. Summary: This review highlights the critical role of diagnostic accuracy and timely intervention in managing anisakidosis and underscores the need for greater clinical awareness and standardised treatment pathways.
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  • Charles Sturt University

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