Sulphonated cross‐linked polystyrene: A monofunctional cation‐exchange resin

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Abstract
Recent improvements in the performance of ion‐exchange resins are illustrated by an account of the preparation and properties of sulphonated cross‐linked polystyrene. The copolymerization of styrene and divinylbenzene (DVB) in bead form is described. Cross‐linked polystyrene has been sulphonated by heating the copolymer with concentrated sulphuric acid at 100°c. in the presence of silver sulphate. After a time depending on the particle size and DVB content of the copolymer, the exchange‐capacity of the product attains a limiting value which corresponds to the formation of a monosulphonic acid. Sulphonated cross‐linked polystyrene is a hygroscopic gel; its swelling and shrinkage in water and aqueous solutions are markedly dependent on the degree of cross‐linking. The cation‐exchange properties of the resin are consistent with those expected of a monofunctional, strongly acidic material. The influence of the extent of cross‐linking on the relative affinity‐coefficients and rates of exchange of sodium and hydrogen ions are indicated.

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