Biotechnology in Genomic Surveillance. Status and development prospects

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Abstract
Relevance. In 2021, the World Health Assembly called on WHO Member States to strengthen the role of genomic epidemiological surveillance.Objective. To present a revolutionary range of technological tools that determine the success of genomic epidemiological surveillance.Results and discussion. Approaches that can take genomic epidemiological surveillance to a new technological level include rapid nucleic acid amplification methods, including isothermal amplification methods, metagenomic and targeted analysis using high-throughput sequencing technologies, a targeted genome editing system, as well as diagnostic solutions based on it, and the development of genomic sequence databases. In addition, it is necessary to note the importance of developing and implementing a comprehensive approach to the implementation of the genomic epidemiological surveillance system, taking into account the rapid development of a number of fundamental biological sciences related to epidemiology, as well as the wide application of information technologies in the processing of large data sets. Conclusion. Global trends confidently demonstrate a reduction in the time it takes for a technology to transition from scientific development to widespread practical application necessary to protect the population in the context of an epidemic spread of infections caused by previously unknown pathogens. For timely forecasting and prompt response to biological threats and ensuring sanitary and epidemiological well-being, the Russian Federation has successfully applied a triad of technologies: genomic epidemiological surveillance, mobile technologies and big data analytics. The authors consider biotechnological areas and technologies, the improvement of which will ensure the technological leadership of the Russian Federation in the field of genomic epidemiological surveillance.

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