Effect of sodium bicarbonate with ultrasound on reduced‐salt Chaozhou beef meatballs quality: Physicochemical and sensory properties

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Abstract
This study aimed to create a reduced‐salt version of Chaozhou beef meatballs (CBMs) by employing ultrasound treatment (0 and 30 min) combined with sodium bicarbonate (0%, 0.15%, and 0.3%). The ultrasound‐assisted sodium bicarbonate treatment significantly enhanced pH, salt‐soluble protein solubility (SSP), water‐holding capacity (WHC), and storage modulus (G′) of the CBMs (p < 0.05). Specifically, after treatment, the increase in pH value promoted the solubilization of SSP, with the content increasing from 28.23% to 56.53%. Moreover, the initial relaxation times (T21 and T22) were shortened, indicating a decrease in water mobility, as evidenced by an increase in WHC from 85% to 87%. Furthermore, the ultrasound treatment effectively facilitated protein unfolding, increased β‐sheet secondary structure content, augmented hydrogen and disulfide bond proportions, and resulted in a denser and more uniform gel structure. Consequently, the hardness of the CBMs was significantly improved (p < 0.05). Sensory evaluation revealed that the treated reduced‐salt CBMs were comparable to those produced by conventional methods. Therefore, combining sodium bicarbonate with ultrasound treatment is a viable approach to mitigate the negative effects of reduced salt content and produce high‐quality reduced‐salt CBMs.

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