Phase‐matched electron–photon interactions enabled by 3D‐printed helical waveguides

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Abstract
The Smith–Purcell effect enables electromagnetic radiation across arbitrary spectral ranges by phase‐matching the diffraction orders of an optical grating with the near‐field of a moving electron. In this work, we introduce a novel approach using a helically shaped waveguide, where phase‐matching is achieved through guided light within a helical optical fiber fabricated via two‐photon polymerization using a 3D printer. Our results demonstrate that radiation from these structures precisely satisfies the phase‐matching condition and is emitted directionally at specific angles, contrasting with the broad angular distribution characteristic of the traditional Smith–Purcell effect. Helical electron‐driven photon sources establish a new paradigm, enabling 3D‐printed structures to control electron‐beam‐induced radiation and, inversely, to facilitate light‐induced efficient electron beam shaping and acceleration.
Funding Information
  • Volkswagen Foundation
  • H2020 European Research Council
  • H2020 European Research Council (101170341)
  • H2020 European Research Council (101157312)
  • Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft

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