Plasmonic Quantum Nanocomposite-Modified Multimode–Multicore Fiber for Sensitive Optical Biosensing of Triclosan

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Abstract
The incorporation of hybrid nanomaterials and fiber architectures into fiber-optic biosensors has proven to be effective in improving sensing performance. This study developed a plasmonic biosensor using a tapered multimode fiber (MMF)–multicore fiber (MCF)–MMF structure functionalized with a nanocomposite of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), tungsten disulfide quantum dots (WS2-QDs), and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) for selective triclosan detection. Combining WS2-QDs and MWCNTs with AuNPs leverages their individual advantages, creating an active sensing interface with abundant analyte-binding sites, thereby substantially improving responsiveness. The composite-modified structure also promotes higher-order mode generation, which is critical for sensitivity enhancement. When optically excited, the periodic plasmonic geometry produces strong evanescent fields that intensify interactions between the immobilized nanocomposite and target molecules. Transmission spectroscopy demonstrated that the biosensor achieved a detection limit of 3.87 µM within the 0–40 µM range. These results show that the strategic combination of WS2-QDs and MWCNTs with AuNPs significantly amplifies localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) effects. This architecture offers a promising approach for developing sensitive fiber-optic biosensors, particularly for environmental monitoring of agents like triclosan.
Funding Information
  • National Key Research and Development Program of China (2024YFB3613400)
  • National Key Research and Development Program of China (2024YFB3613402)
  • National Natural Science Foundation of China (61905103)
  • National Natural Science Foundation of China (62205136)
  • Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (ZR2021QF025)
  • Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (ZR2020QC061)
  • Science and Technology Support Plan for Youth Innovation of Colleges and Universities of Shan-dong Province of China (2022KJl07)
  • Anusandhan National Research Foundation (ANRF/ARG/2025/003993/LS)
  • Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation
  • Portuguese Science and Technology Foundation/MCTES (CICECO UID/50011/2025)
  • Portuguese Science and Technology Foundation/MCTES (LA/P/0006/2020)
  • European Union (CZ.10.03.01/00/22_003/0000048)
  • Ministry of Education, Youth, and Sports of the Czech Republic (SP2024/081)
  • Ministry of Education, Youth, and Sports of the Czech Republic (SP2024/05)

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