Landscape of New Nuclease-Containing Antiphage Systems in Escherichia coli and the Counterdefense Roles of Bacteriophage T4 Genome Modifications

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Abstract
Cleavage of foreign DNA is a well-known mechanism used by bacteria to protect themselves from phage infections. Two well-known bacterial defense systems, R-M and CRISPR-Cas, both contain nucleases that cleave the phage genomes through specific mechanisms.
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Funding Information
  • MOST | National Natural Science Foundation of China (32170094)
  • MOE | Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (2662022DKYJ003)
  • Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province (2021CFA016)
  • Earmark fund (CARS-41)

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