Luminescence Lifetime Imaging of Chemical Sensors—A Comparison between Time-Domain and Frequency-Domain Based Camera Systems

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Abstract
Luminescence lifetime based imaging is still the most reliable method for generating chemical images using chemical sensor technology. However, only few commercial systems are available that enable imaging lifetimes within the relevant ns to µs range. In this technical note we compare the performance of an older time-domain (TD) based camera systems with a frequency-domain (FD) based camera system regarding their measuring characteristics and applicability for O2 and pH imaging in environmental samples and with different indicator dye systems emitting in the visible and near infrared part of the spectrum. We conclude that the newly introduced FD imaging system delivers comparable if not better results than its predecessor, now enabling robust and simple chemical imaging based on FD luminescence lifetime measurements.
Funding Information
  • Danmarks Grundforskningsfond (DNRF136)
  • Teknologi og Produktion, Det Frie Forskningsr?d (DFF-4184-00515B, DFF-8022-00301B)
  • Natur og Univers, Det Frie Forskningsr?d (DFF-8021-00308B)
  • Det Frie Forskningsr?d (DFF-1323-00065B)
  • Villum Fonden (00023073)
  • Poul Due Jensen Foundation

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