Social Entrepreneurship as a Catalyst for Reducing Urban Inequalities: Challenges and Opportunities in Montijo, Portugal

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Abstract
Social entrepreneurship has stood out as a promising approach to addressing socio-economic vulnerabilities in urban contexts. This study explores the main structural challenges and opportunities for social entrepreneurship in the parishes of Montijo and Afonsoeiro, Portugal. Using a qualitative approach based on focus groups with local stakeholders, including civil society representatives, social entrepreneurs, associations, and government entities, the research identifies key barriers such as limited access to economic opportunities, social exclusion, and inadequate infrastructure. The findings reveal the transformative potential of socially oriented entrepreneurial initiatives, particularly when supported by strong and collaborative local networks. This work contributes to the understanding of urban vulnerabilities and highlights the importance of supportive ecosystems in promoting inclusive and sustainable development. The insights generated are relevant for policymakers, social entrepreneurs, and civil society organizations committed to fostering social innovation in similar urban settings.

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