Emotional social screening tool for school readiness – Revised: IsiXhosa adaptation

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Abstract
Background: The need for the adaptation of instruments to other native languages to promote culture-fairness framed this study. Aim: This article reports on the adaptation of the locally developed Emotional Social Screening Tool for School Readiness (E3SR-R) into isiXhosa. Setting: This adaptation study was conducted in South Africa. Methods: The study was executed in five steps based on the Sousa and Rajjanasrirat model. The quality of the processes for translation and establishing linguistic equivalence were evaluated using the Quality of Translation and Linguistic Equivalence Checklist (QTLC). Results: A high level of inter-rater agreement was reported. A high level of compliance with International Test Commission (ITC) guidelines for translation and linguistic equivalence was achieved. An expert reviewer (ER) concluded that the isiXhosa version of the E3SR-R demonstrated content validity. Conclusion: The E3SR-R English version was successfully adapted to isiXhosa. Contribution: The resultant isiXhosa translation extends the availability and utility of the E3SR-R to isiXhosa speakers.

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