Effect of growth regulator combinations on In Vitro shoot proliferation and root formation in Fragaria vesca and Fragaria × ananassa

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Abstract
The present study aimed to evaluate the influence of hormonal balance on in vitro multiplication and rooting in two Fragaria species (Fragaria vesca and Fragaria × ananassa). The biological material consisted of plants derived from seeds, cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with various combinations of growth regulators. Four hormonal variants were tested for the multiplication stage: V1 – BAP 2 mg/L + IAA 0.5 mg/L; V2 – BAP 4 mg/L + IAA 0.5 mg/L; V3 – TDZ 1 mg/L + IAA 0.5 mg/L; and V4 – TDZ 2 mg/L + IAA 0.5 mg/L. For the rooting stage, shoots were transferred onto MS media with the following variants: R1 – MS without hormones; R2 – MS + NAA 1 mg/L; and R3 – MS + NAA 2 mg/L. The results revealed significant differences between the two species regarding shoot proliferation rate and root formation, depending on the type and concentration of growth regulators. In general, TDZ-containing media induced higher shoot multiplication, particularly in Fragaria × ananassa, whereas NAA-supplemented media promoted root initiation, especially in Fragaria vesca. These findings highlight the importance of optimizing the hormonal balance to develop efficient micropropagation protocols for Fragaria species.