Abstract
Osteoarticular infections (OAIs) present a significant diagnostic and therapeutic challenge to paediatric clinical practice. When evaluating suspected paediatric OAIs, the principal pathogens commonly considered are Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Kingella kingae . Osteoarticular infections (OAIs) present a significant diagnostic and therapeutic challenge to paediatric clinical practice. When evaluating suspected paediatric OAIs, the principal pathogens commonly considered are Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Kingella kingae. Consequently, comprehensive knowledge about these emerging, atypical bacterial pathogens is essential to ensure accurate diagnoses and appropriate therapeutic interventions. This review summarises uncommon, fastidious, and emerging bacterial pathogens responsible for OAIs in immunocompetent children . We describe their microbiological characteristics and clinical phenotypes and examine potential diagnostic pitfalls and organism-specific diagnostic strategies.
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