Baseline sensitivity and susceptibility status of weedy rice and Echinochloa spp. to ACCase inhibitors before the introduction of FOP-resistant rice in Brazil

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Abstract
Background: Weedy rice (Oryza spp.) and Echinochloa spp. are the most problematic grass weeds in rice (Oryza sativa L.) production systems due to their high competitiveness, prolific seed production, and widespread herbicide resistance. The adoption of imidazolinone (IMI)-resistant rice enabled selective control; however, gene flow rapidly led to resistant weedy rice populations. More recently, rice cultivars resistant to aryloxyphenoxypropionate (FOP) ACCase-inhibiting herbicides were introduced, providing a new control strategy. Objective: This study aimed to establish the baseline sensitivity of [...] Abstract Background: Weedy rice (Oryza spp.) and Echinochloa spp. are the most problematic grass weeds in rice (Oryza sativa L.) production systems due to their high competitiveness, prolific seed production, and widespread herbicide resistance. The adoption of imidazolinone (IMI)-resistant rice enabled selective control; however, gene flow rapidly led to resistant weedy rice populations. More recently, rice cultivars resistant to aryloxyphenoxypropionate (FOP) ACCase-inhibiting herbicides were introduced, providing a new control strategy. Objective: This study aimed to establish the baseline sensitivity of

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