"The urbanization process generally involves changes in lifestyle, culture and behavior, and thus differences in demographic, economic and social structures emerge between urban and rural areas. It is particularly important to investigate the effects of urbanization in developing countries. The biggest reason for this is the population explosions in the cities of these countries and the massive migration of people from villages to cities. This has created irregular settlements and caused cities to grow rapidly and chaotically. Our country has also had its share of this migration in the past, with the populations of our big cities such as Istanbul, Ankara and Izmir increasing rapidly, while the populations of villages and towns have decreased rapidly. Among all the environmental problems brought about by urbanization and industrialization, the interactive process with climate change and the phenomenon of urban heat islands have long attracted the attention of scientists. The urban heat island is the phenomenon of cities experiencing significantly higher temperatures than rural areas. This phenomenon emerges as a result of modern urbanization and makes the effects of climate change more pronounced in the direction of warming. The urban heat island is shaped by a combination of factors such as dense construction, asphalt roads and decreasing green areas. Surfaces such as concrete and asphalt absorb sunlight, retain heat and play an important role in increasing the overall temperature of cities. This study aims to provide a better understanding of city climatology and urban heat island characteristics, and to guide strategic authorities, scientists and policy makers such as relevant ministries, local governments, public health authorities, climate scientists, urban planners. The findings and recommendations presented in this study can form the basis for local and national climate change mitigation, adaptation and action plans and strategic reports prepared in this context."