Mn 3 O 4 /biochar catalyst for enhanced PMS activation and antibiotic degradation via radical and non-radical pathways

Authors:

Abstract
Mn 3 O 4 /biochar composite effectively activates peroxymonosulfate for metronidazole degradation via synergistic radical (SO 4 ˙ − /˙OH) and non-radical ( 1 O 2 ) pathways, driven by Mn 2+ /Mn 3+ /Mn 4+ redox cycling.
Funding Information
  • Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University (PNURSP2026R12)
  • Islamic University of Madinah

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