Financial Toxicity Among Patients With Breast Cancer Worldwide

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Abstract
Financial toxicity (FT) is the negative impact that the monetary burden of medical care can have on patients’ well-being, fiscal security, and overall health.1 Contributors to FT include direct medical, direct nonmedical, and indirect costs.2 Direct medical costs include hospitalizations, pharmaceutical bills, laboratory charges, and outpatient treatment–related expenses.2 Direct nonmedical and indirect costs include transportation, food and lodging, and expenses linked to disease-related employment loss.2 Nonmedical and indirect expenses are not generally covered by insurance and financial aid programs and contribute to out-of-pocket costs (OOPCs).3 Catastrophically high OOPCs are known to negatively impact medical care and psychosocial well-being.4

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