Huygens Metasurface-Enabled Holographic Communication: Huygens Channel and Effective Degrees of Freedom

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Abstract
Huygens metasurfaces (HMS) formed by Huygens sources can flexibly control electromagnetic waves to generate any desired radiation pattern. This capability is precisely what holographic multiple-input multiple-output (HMIMO) communications seek to achieve. Therefore, deploying HMS at the base station provides an attractive solution for next-generation wireless communication systems. Against this background, this study establishes an electromagnetic channel model to analyze the effective degree of freedom (EDoF) of HMS systems, in which EDoF directly characterizes the spatial multiplexing capability of HMS systems. This aspect has not been addressed in previous research. Specifically, we first model the channel of HMS using the electric and magnetic dyadic Green’s functions in electromagnetic theory. Since the channel is unique to HMS, it is specially called the Huygens channel. Then, we analyze the EDoF of the Huygens channel. Finally, by comparing with existing EDoFe studies based on the electric dyadic Green’s Function (EDGF) channel, the results demonstrate that the Huygens channel exhibits a larger EDoF in the near-field region. This provides important insights for the design and optimization of future communication systems, such as the HMIMO communications system.
Funding Information
  • Natural Science Foundation of China (62371249)
  • Postgraduate Research and Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province (SJCX24_0301)
  • Key Project of Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (BE2023087)

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