Theory of ultramicroelectrodes
Author:
- 1 September 1993
- journal article
- review article
- Published by Wiley in Electroanalysis
- Vol. 5 (8) , 627-639
Abstract
This review describes the theory of mass transport at ultramicroelectrodes that have broken through several experimental limitations of electrochemical measurements. On the basis of the mathematical miniaturization, the ultramicroelectrode can be classified into a point electrode, a line electrode, and a plane electrode. Electrochemical features of these electrodes are described from a viewpoint of the mass transport, especially due to diffusion. Theoretical difficulty in ultramicroelectrodes is mainly due to nonuniform current distribution on the electrode surface. The expression for the time‐dependent diffusion‐controlled current at any electrode geometry, which predicts the current responding to any potential variation, is presented. Conditions of the steady‐state current are specified. The diffusional characteristic functions at a disk. a cylinder, and a band are presented, from which the theories of various electrochemical techniques can be derived analytically. Voltammetric peak currents at several ultramicroelectrodes are compared in light of the diffusional edge effect. The properties of the steady‐state current are described at a disk, a band array, a ring, and a recess electrode. The theory is extended to the current‐potential curves complicated by the heterogeneous kinetics at a disk, a cylinder, and a band‐array electrode.Keywords
This publication has 68 references indexed in Scilit:
- Theory of stationary current—potential curves at interdigitated microarray electrodes for quasi‐reversible and totally irreversible electrode reactionsElectroanalysis, 1990
- Evaluation of Kinetic Parameters from Steady-State Voltammograms at Ultramicrodisk ElectrodesBulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan, 1988
- The behavior of microelectrodesAnalytical Chemistry, 1987
- Microelectrochemical transistors based on electrostatic binding of electroactive metal complexes in protonated poly(4-vinylpyridine): devices that respond to two chemical stimuliAnalytical Chemistry, 1987
- Theory of the current at microelectrodes: application to ring electrodesThe Journal of Physical Chemistry, 1987
- Voltammetry at linear gold and platinum microelectrode arrays produced by lithographic techniquesAnalytical Chemistry, 1985
- Filar electrodes: steady-state currents and spectroelectrochemistry at twin interdigitated electrodesAnalytical Chemistry, 1985
- Microvoltammetric electrodesAnalytical Chemistry, 1981
- Digital simulation of edge effects at planar disk electrodesThe Journal of Physical Chemistry, 1973
- The Behavior at Infinity of Certain Convolution TransformsTransactions of the American Mathematical Society, 1951