Masculinization of Red Tilapia (Oreochromis spp.) Using 17α-Methyltestosterone-Loaded Alkyl Polyglucosides Integrated into Nanostructured Lipid Carriers

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Abstract
The aim of the present study was to optimize a masculinization platform for the production of all-male red tilapia fry by oral administration of 30 and 60 ppm of MT and alkyl polyglucoside nanostructured lipid carriers (APG-NLC) loaded with MT, respectively, for 14 and 21 days. The characterization, encapsulation efficiency and release kinetics of MT in lipid-based nanoparticles were assessed in vitro. The results showed that the MT-loaded nanoparticles were spherical, ranging from 80 to 125 nm in size, and had a negative charge with a narrow particle distribution. The APG-NLC loaded with MT provided higher physical stability and encapsulation efficacy than the NLC. The release rate constants of MT from MT-NLC and MT-APG-NLC were higher than those of free MT, which is insoluble in aqueous media. There was no significant difference in survival between the fish administered MT or the those fed orally with MT-APG-NLC fish. According to the logistic regression analysis, the sex reversal efficacy of MT-APG-NLC (30 ppm) and MT (60 ppm), resulted in significantly higher numbers of males after 21 days of treatment compared with the controls. The production cost of MT-APG-NLC (30 ppm) after 21 days of treatment was reduced by 32.9% compared with the conventional MT treatment group (60 ppm). In all the treatments, the length–weight relationship (LWR) showed negatively allomeric growth behavior (b < 3), with a relative condition factor (Kn) of more than 1. Therefore, MT-APG-NLC (30 ppm) would seem to be a promising, cost-effective way to reduce the dose of MT used for the masculinization of farmed red tilapia.
Funding Information
  • Second Century Fund (C2F), Chulalongkorn University (RSA 6280108, N42A650230, FOOD6631 0013)
  • 90th Anniversary of Chulalongkorn University Fund (Ratchadaphiseksomphot Endowment Fund) (RSA 6280108, N42A650230, FOOD6631 0013)
  • Thailand Science Research and Innovation (TSRI) under the TRF Research Career Development Grant (RSA 6280108, N42A650230, FOOD6631 0013)
  • National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA, Thailand) (RSA 6280108, N42A650230, FOOD6631 0013)
  • National Research Council of Thailand (RSA 6280108, N42A650230, FOOD6631 0013)
  • Thailand Science Research and Innovation Fund, Chulalongkorn University (RSA 6280108, N42A650230, FOOD6631 0013)

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