Evidence‐based practice models for organizational change: overview and practical applications

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Abstract
Aim: To provide an overview, summary of key features and evaluation of usefulness of six evidence‐based practice models frequently discussed in the literature.Background: The variety of evidence‐based practice models and frameworks, complex terminology and organizational culture challenges nurses in selecting the model that best fits their practice setting.Data sources: The authors: (1) initially identified models described in a predominant nursing text; (2) searched the literature through CINAHL from 1998 to current year, using combinations of ‘evidence’, ‘evidence‐based practice’, ‘models’, ‘nursing’ and ‘research’; (3) refined the list of selected models based on the initial literature review; and (4) conducted a second search of the literature on the selected models for all available years to locate both historical and recent articles on their use in nursing practice.Discussion: Authors described model key features and provided an evaluation of model usefulness based on specific criteria, which focused on facilitating the evidence‐based practice process and guiding practice change.Implications for nursing: The evaluation of model usefulness can be used to determine the best fit of the models to the practice setting.Conclusion: The Johns Hopkins Model and the Academic Center for Evidence‐Based Practice Star Model emphasize the processes of finding and evaluating evidence that is likely to appeal to nursing educators. Organizations may prefer the Promoting Action on Research Implementation in Health Services Framework, Advancing Research and Clinical Practice Through Close Collaboration, or Iowa models for their emphasis on team decision‐making. An evidence‐based practice model that is clear to the clinician and fits the organization will guide a systematic approach to evidence review and practice change.

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