Earliest occupation of the Central Aegean (Naxos), Greece: Implications for hominin andHomo sapiens’ behavior and dispersals

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Abstract
We present evidence of Middle Pleistocene activity in the central Aegean Basin at the chert extraction and reduction complex of Stelida (Naxos, Greece). Luminescence dating places ~9000 artifacts in a stratigraphic sequence from ~13 to 200 thousand years ago (ka ago). These artifacts include Mousterian products, which arguably provide first evidence for Neanderthals in the region. This dated material attests to a much earlier history of regional exploration than previously believed, opening the possibility of alternative routes into Southeast Europe from Anatolia (and Africa) for (i) hominins, potentially during sea level lowstands (e.g., Marine Isotope Stage 8) permitting terrestrial crossings across the Aegean, and (ii) Homo sapiens of the Early Upper Paleolithic (Aurignacian), conceivably by sea.
Funding Information
  • Archaeological Institute of America (Cotsen Excavation Grant)
  • National Geographic Society (Waitt Grant # W342-14)
  • Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada (Insight Grant # 435-2015-1809)
  • Institute for the Study of Aegean Prehistory
  • French Research National Agency (# ANR-10-LABX-52)
  • Bordeaux Montaigne University
  • Nouvelle Aquitaine Region Council
  • The American School of Classical Studies Malcolm H. Wiener Laboratory for Archaeological Science Predoctoral Research Fellowship
  • McMaster University Arts Research Board

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