Nutrient removal efficiency ofHydropuntia corneain an integrated closed recirculation system with pink shrimpFarfantepenaeus brasiliensis

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Abstract
In this study, we have tested the effect of seaweed stocking density in an experimental seaweed biofilter using the economically important red seaweed Hydropuntia cornea integrated with the cultivation of the pink shrimp Farfantepenaeus brasiliensis. Nutrient removal efficiency was evaluated in relation to seaweed stocking density (2.5, 4, 6 and 8 g fw L−1). Total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) was the main nitrogen source excreted by F. brasiliensis, with concentrations ranging from 41.6 to 65 μM of NH4+-N. H. cornea specific growth rates ranged from 0.8 ± 0.2 to 1.4 ± 0.5% day−1 with lowest growth rates at higher seaweed stocking density (8 g fw L−1). Nutrient removal was positively correlated with the cultivation densities in the system. TAN removal efficiency increased from 61 to 88.5% with increasing seaweed stocking density. Changes in the chemical composition of the seaweed were analysed and correlated with nutrient enrichment from shrimp effluent. The red seaweed H. cornea can be cultured and used to remove nutrients from shrimp effluents in an integrated multi-trophic aquaculture system applied to a closed recirculation system. Recirculation through seaweed biofilters in land-based intensive aquaculture farms can also be a tool to increase recirculation practices and establish full recirculation aquaculture systems (RAS) with all their known associated benefits.

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