Penisimplicins A and B: Novel Polyketide–Peptide Hybrid Alkaloids from the Fungus Penicillium simplicissimum JXCC5

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Abstract
In this study, two previously undescribed nitrogen-containing compounds, penisimplicins A (1) and B (2), were isolated from Penicillium simplicissimum JXCC5. The structures of 1 and 2 were elucidated on the basis of comprehensive spectroscopic data analysis, including 1D and 2D NMR and HRESIMS data. The absolute configuration of 2 was determined by Marfey’s method, ECD calculation, and DP4+ analysis. Both structures of 1 and 2 feature an unprecedented manner of amino acid-derivatives attaching to a polyketide moiety by C-C bond. The postulated biosynthetic pathways for 1 and 2 were discussed. Additionally, compound 1 exhibited significant acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity, with IC50 values of 6.35 μM.
Funding Information
  • National Natural Science Foundation of China (22177138, 2022CFB458, YKLPNP-Y2303)
  • Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province (22177138, 2022CFB458, YKLPNP-Y2303)
  • Open Fund Project of Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products (22177138, 2022CFB458, YKLPNP-Y2303)

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