Parylene C as a Multipurpose Material for Electronics and Microfluidics

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Abstract
Poly(p-xylylene) derivatives, widely known as Parylenes, have been considerably adopted by the scientific community for several applications, ranging from simple passive coatings to active device components. Here, we explore the thermal, structural, and electrical properties of Parylene C, and further present a variety of electronic devices featuring this polymer: transistors, capacitors, and digital microfluidic (DMF) devices. We evaluate transistors produced with Parylene C as a dielectric, substrate, and encapsulation layer, either semitransparent or fully transparent. Such transistors exhibit steep transfer curves and subthreshold slopes of 0.26 V/dec, negligible gate leak currents, and fair mobilities. Furthermore, we characterize MIM (metal–insulator–metal) structures with Parylene C as a dielectric and demonstrate the functionality of the polymer deposited in single and double layers under temperature and AC signal stimuli, mimicking the DMF stimuli. Applying temperature generally leads to a decrease in the capacitance of the dielectric layer, whereas applying an AC signal leads to an increase in said capacitance for double-layered Parylene C only. By applying the two stimuli, the capacitance seems to suffer from a balanced influence of both the separated stimuli. Lastly, we demonstrate that DMF devices with double-layered Parylene C allow for faster droplet motion and enable long nucleic acid amplification reactions.
Funding Information
  • Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (LA/P/0037/2020, UIDP/50025/2020, UIDB/50025/2020, UIDP/04378/2020, UIDB/04378/2020, LA/P/0140/2020, 716510 (ERC-2016-StG TREND), 787410 (ERC-2019-AdG DIGISMART), 952169 (SYNERGY, H2020-WIDESPREAD-2020-5, CSA), 101008701 (EMERGE, H2020-INFRAIA-2018-2020), SFRH/BD/132904/2017, COVID/BD/152453/2022)
  • Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (LA/P/0037/2020, UIDP/50025/2020, UIDB/50025/2020, UIDP/04378/2020, UIDB/04378/2020, LA/P/0140/2020, 716510 (ERC-2016-StG TREND), 787410 (ERC-2019-AdG DIGISMART), 952169 (SYNERGY, H2020-WIDESPREAD-2020-5, CSA), 101008701 (EMERGE, H2020-INFRAIA-2018-2020), SFRH/BD/132904/2017, COVID/BD/152453/2022)
  • Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (LA/P/0037/2020, UIDP/50025/2020, UIDB/50025/2020, UIDP/04378/2020, UIDB/04378/2020, LA/P/0140/2020, 716510 (ERC-2016-StG TREND), 787410 (ERC-2019-AdG DIGISMART), 952169 (SYNERGY, H2020-WIDESPREAD-2020-5, CSA), 101008701 (EMERGE, H2020-INFRAIA-2018-2020), SFRH/BD/132904/2017, COVID/BD/152453/2022)
  • European Community’s H2020 Program (LA/P/0037/2020, UIDP/50025/2020, UIDB/50025/2020, UIDP/04378/2020, UIDB/04378/2020, LA/P/0140/2020, 716510 (ERC-2016-StG TREND), 787410 (ERC-2019-AdG DIGISMART), 952169 (SYNERGY, H2020-WIDESPREAD-2020-5, CSA), 101008701 (EMERGE, H2020-INFRAIA-2018-2020), SFRH/BD/132904/2017, COVID/BD/152453/2022)
  • Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (LA/P/0037/2020, UIDP/50025/2020, UIDB/50025/2020, UIDP/04378/2020, UIDB/04378/2020, LA/P/0140/2020, 716510 (ERC-2016-StG TREND), 787410 (ERC-2019-AdG DIGISMART), 952169 (SYNERGY, H2020-WIDESPREAD-2020-5, CSA), 101008701 (EMERGE, H2020-INFRAIA-2018-2020), SFRH/BD/132904/2017, COVID/BD/152453/2022)

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