FBG for Oil and Gas Exploration

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Abstract
In the petroleum industry, advances in technology are required for cost-effective production in key reservoir exploration areas and in oil-well production management, in order to increase yield and profit. This manuscript reviews our researches on advanced fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) and their reservoir exploration applications in local geology. Several cladding FBGs are introduced for seismic exploration, which are interrogated by a simple power detection system. They show high sensitivities to vibration/acceleration, together with strong orientation dependence. Orthogonal cladding FBG inscriptions can perceive two-dimensional (2D) vibration information, i.e., vector vibration sensing. Power perturbations are referenced with respect to the core resonance that is insensitive to vibration, thus stabilizing the sensing system. Seismic physical modeling (SPM) is another method for gathering seismic data and bridging computation modeling and field exploration. In previous reports, aiming to SPM imaging, several wide-frequency FBG sensors were developed to detect ultrasound wave (UW) in the 100 kHz to 10 MHz range. The interrogation technology uses a low-cost spectral side-band filtering technology. The key point in prior research relates to narrowing the spectral band in order to increase the UW sensitivity of the sensor. Compared with piezoelectric transducers (PZTs), FBG sensors have the high sensitivity, compact structure, large detection angle, and high spatial resolution, stability, and immunity to electromagnetic interference. Combining the two technologies can help humans learn more specific physical properties (geometric, kinematic and dynamic) of hydrocarbon reservoirs.
Funding Information
  • National Key Research and Development Plan (2017YFB0405502)
  • National Natural Science Foundations of China (61327012, 61735014, 61605159)
  • National Science and Technology Project (2016ZX05019007-01)

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