Fe2+-dependent autotrophic denitrification system starter

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Abstract
Nitrate-dependent ferrous oxidation microorganisms (NDFOM) are a relatively newly discovered type of autotrophic denitrifying bacteria. In this study, FeSO 4 solution was added to denitrifying sludge as a rapid starter for nitrate-dependent ferrous oxidation (NDFO). For the incubation process of NDFOM and the removal performance of nitrate nitrogen, three different models were employed. The experimental result confirmed a 95% NO 3 − -N removal rate under steady conditions. The excellent fit (R 2 = 0.9935) of the Boltzmann model to the kinetic data indicates that it precisely characterizes the nitrate-nitrogen (NO 3 − -N) removal process mediated by NDFO. In conclusion, exploring the sludge acclimation process is crucial for the performance of iron autotrophic denitrification in removing nitrate nitrogen, thereby underscoring the potential of the NDFO process to be developed into a viable mainstream wastewater treatment technology.