Formaldehyde Use and Alternative Biobased Binders for Particleboard Formulation: A Review

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Abstract
Formaldehyde-based resins are conventionally used as a binder in formulation of particleboard. Epidemiologic studies have shown that formaldehyde is carcinogenic. Efforts to reduce the health hazard effects of the fomaldehyde-based resin in the particleboard formulation have included use of scavengers for formaldehydes and use of an alternative binder. Use of scavengers for the formaldehyde increases the cost and maintenance of particleboard formulation. There is no proof that scavengers eliminate the emission of formaldehyde from particleboard. Use of biobased binders in particleboard formulation provides an alternative for eliminating use of the formaldehyde-based resin. However, the alternative is hindered by challenges, which include limitations of physical and mechanical properties. The challenge has continuously been acted upon through research. The paper presents an overview of the use of starch as an alternative binder. Improvement over time of the starch and limitations thereof requires to be addressed. Use of the modified starch has shown increased particleboard performance. Mechanical strength, such as modulus of rupture, modulus of elasticity, and internal bonding in particleboards, however, remains to be a challenge.

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