Effects of Low-FODMAPS Diet on Irritable Bowel Syndrome Symptoms and Gut Microbiome

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Abstract
Patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) suffer from abdominal pain, bloating, and abnormal defecation. Reducing the dietary intake of fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides, and polyols (FODMAPs) has been shown to be beneficial in reducing IBS symptoms. However, diet modification plays an important role in the composition of colonic microbiota. Currently, the effects of a FODMAP diet on the composition of the gut microbiome are not known. We conducted a systematic review to determine (1) the effectiveness of low-FODMAPs diet to reduce symptoms of patients with IBS and (2) the association between a low-FOMAPs diet and the composition of gut microbiome. Four electronic databases were searched using key words “IBS” or “irritable bowel syndrome,” and “FODMAP” or “FODMAPs” or “fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides, and polyols,” and “microbiome.” Two reviewers (H.S. and Y.T.L.) selected and reviewed articles according to our inclusion criteria. A total of 87 articles were reviewed and 7 met inclusion criteria. Based on the systematic review, low FODMAPs appear to reduce gastrointestinal symptoms for a least a subset of patients with IBS. However, due to the heterogeneity of reviewed studies, the influence on patients' gut microbiome composition and/or microbiota metabolites requires additional studies.

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