Place-Based Inequity in Smoking Prevalence in the Largest Cities in the United States

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Abstract
Achieving universal health and well-being for all Americans is the ideal goal for US public health efforts, but inequities in chronic disease and life expectancy present a persistent challenge, particularly in large cities.1 In 2016, the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation and the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention launched the 500 Cities Project, providing small-area estimates of modifiable risk factors for chronic disease in the 500 largest US cities.2 To guide prevention efforts, we used these data to characterize inequities in cigarette smoking both between and within cities and in relation to sociodemographic factors and chronic diseases.