Simulation studies of lead-free Mn-based 2D perovskite solar cells

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Abstract
Lead-free 2D perovskite [NH 3 -(CH 2 ) 2 -NH 3 ]MnCl 4 , was introduced in ZnO: Al/TiO 2 /[NH 3 -(CH 2 ) 2 -NH 3 ]MnCl 4 /CuI/Au structure for solar cell application using SCAPS 1D. The optical band gap (1.8 eV) was determined from UV-transmittance spectrum and the result is used in the simulation. The effects of the absorber layer thickness and the temperature on the solar cell characteristics were investigated. Optimum absorber-thickness was 700 nm with a Jsc = 17.999 A cm −2 , Voc = 1.4659 V, FF = 67.84% and PCE of about 17.90%. To our knowledge no photovoltaic simulation has been reported for this material, however its efficiency is promising for a new ecological absorber of solar cells.

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