Forms of Address in Pakistani English: A Sociolinguistic Analysis of Variation, Usage and Pragmatic Functions
Open Access
- 12 October 2025
- journal article
- Published by Centre for Children Literacy and Lifelong Learning in Social Sciences Spectrum
- Vol. 4 (4) , 81-95
Abstract
This study investigates patterns, frequency rates and pragmatic functions of address terms in the Pakistani English (PakE) i.e. a non-native variety of English. The research follows a corpus-based approach to investigate address terms used in formal and informal contexts and institutional settings through its own self-compiled PakE texts database. It applies AntConc software to reveal prevalent address terms before conducting a semantic analysis and comparing their utilization patterns against British and American English language patterns. Sociolinguistic interviews extend the research findings with cultural appropriateness analysis and pragmatic motivation data. The users of PakE incorporate address forms derived from both indigenous cultural traditions and colonial influences, thereby reflecting the multilingualism and hierarchical social structures characteristic of Pakistani society. This study develops World Englishes and pragmatics knowledge bases while generating practical learning benefits for Pakistani English language teaching practices.Keywords
This publication has 18 references indexed in Scilit:
- Naming Research Participants in Qualitative Language Learning Research: Numbers, Pseudonyms, or Real Names?Journal of Language, Identity & Education, 2024
- “Good Morning, Fokoamau”: An Analysis of the Addressing Terms in Pancana LanguageTheory and Practice in Language Studies, 2023
- Mister, bro, or ada? Styles of Addressing among Multilingual Pakistani StudentsGEMA Online® Journal of Language Studies, 2023
- The state of health in Pakistan and its provinces and territories, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019The Lancet Global Health, 2023
- The ambivalent role of Urdu and English in multilingual Pakistan: a Bourdieusian studyLanguage Policy, 2022
- From digital divide to digital inclusion: Challenges for wide-ranging digitalization in PakistanTelecommunications Policy, 2021
- Improving Hate Speech Detection of Urdu Tweets Using Sentiment AnalysisIEEE Access, 2021
- The Sociopragmatic and Pragmalinguistic Strategies in L2 Pragmatic Competence: A Case of Pakistani ESL LearnersJournal of Intercultural Communication Research, 2021
- Language planning and policy, and the medium of instruction in the multilingual Pakistan: a void to be filledInternational Journal of Multilingualism, 2020
- A corpus-based ideational meta-functional analysis of Pakistan Prime Minister Imran Khan’s speech at United Nations general assemblyCogent Social Sciences, 2020