Magnetic Levitation Triboelectric Nanogenerator for Vibration Monitoring of Hydroelectric Units

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Abstract
To address dependence on external power and the limited capability of conventional hydroelectric units to detect low-amplitude vibrations, this work introduces a self-contained, highly accurate monitoring device. The design incorporates a magnetically levitated configuration, with triboelectric films placed on both the upper and lower faces of the floating magnet. Under minor oscillations, magnetic repulsion increases the relative displacement between the friction layers, producing a substantial voltage that permits low-level vibration sensing. A surrounding induction coil responds to the levitated pole’s vertical motion; this motion intersects the magnetic flux, generating a current that provides stable energy for wireless data transmission. Experimental outcomes confirm a detection limit of 0.1 mm. At an amplitude of 1 mm and a load of 1000 Ω, the system achieves a maximum output of 9 mW and a power density of 1.587 W/m2, ensuring reliable power. This configuration provides a new pathway for monitoring vibrations in hydroelectric turbine generators.
Funding Information
  • Science and Technology Development Plan Project of Jilin Province (20260205073GH)
  • Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China (2024YFE0101200)

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