Electronic structure and Fermi surface of Bi(100)

The surface electronic structure of Bi(100) was studied by angle-resolved photoemission and the full-potential linearized-augmented plane-wave film method. Experimentally, several electronic surface states were identified in the gaps of the projected-bulk band structure close to the Fermi level. Theory shows that these states belong to a spin-orbit split-surface band that extends through the whole Brillouin zone, and that some surface states penetrate very deeply into the bulk. In the experiment, the surface Fermi surface was found to consist of three features: an electron pocket at the $\overline{\Gamma }$ point, a hole pocket in the $\overline{\Gamma }\text{−}\overline{M}$ direction (i.e., in the direction of the surface-mirror line), and a small Fermi-surface element close to the ${\overline{M}}^{\prime }$ points.