Anomalies in neural network field theory

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Abstract
A bstract: Neural network field theory (NN-FT) formulates field theory in terms of a network architecture and a density on its parameters. We derive Schwinger–Dyson equations and Ward identities in NN-FT and utilize them to study anomalies. The equations depend on a conserved parameter space current that characterizes symmetries and how they break. It is relevant even in non-local NN-FTs, but can recover local currents in the case of a local Lagrangian by an appropriate fiber-wise average. In machine learning, this formalism is applied to feedforward networks and the attention mechanism. In physics, we use this machinery to study U(1) symmetry for a complex scalar, the scale anomaly in 4 d massless ϕ 4 theory, the Weyl anomaly for the bosonic string (including a new computation of the critical dimension), and examples involving discrete topological data, such as winding numbers and T-duality. Since the results are obtained in network parameter space rather than the standard field space, they represent a new way to understand symmetries in quantum field theories.

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