Smart Farms in Agriculture 4.0

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Abstract
The rapid advancement of digital technologies has made digital transformation increasingly critical across various sectors, including agriculture. This sector encompasses a wide range of activities, such as farming, food manufacturing, processing, storage, and is interconnected with essential cyber-physical systems like water and wastewater management, and chemical processes. The growing adoption of Information Technology (IT) and Operational Technology (OT) in agriculture has given rise to the concept of “Smart Farming.” These integrated technologies enhance functionality by optimizing seed traits, improving soil treatment, and streamlining farm management and production quality. However, the integration of IT and OT inevitably broadens and diversifies cyber risk exposure, exacerbating existing vulnerabilities and introducing new threats. This chapter provides an exploration of Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) in smart farms, delves into the cybersecurity challenges and threats they encounter, and outlines strategies for mitigating these risks effectively.

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