Intense pulsed ion beam sources for industrial applications

The different kinds of intense pulsed ion beam (IPIB) sources and their applications to surface modification of materials, e.g., IPIB technology, are reviewed. Intense pulsed energy effects on the surface microstructure as well as properties of 45# steel have been experimentally investigated in this work with different pulse parameters of the IPIB, such as current density and pulse duration. It is shown that ion beams with power density ${\text{(10}}^6{\text{–10}}^8 {\mathrm{W/cm}}^{\mathrm{2}})$ are very promising ones, but the modification result is affected significantly by the pulsed ion beam parameters. New requirements to the IPIB sources for the industrial applications are discussed.